prozac alters reproductive performance and filial cannibalism in male fighting fish, betta splendens

background: fluoxetine (prozactm) is one of the most popular antidepressant that can be released to aquatic systems via sewage-treatment effluents. it is suspected to provoke substantial effects in the aquatic environment. methods: in spawning tanks, specimens were exposed to concentrations of 0 and 0.54 µgl-1 fluoxetine from male introduction until the larvae had hatched. prior to spawning, nest area and time spent for nest building were measured. also, spawning duration, number of copulations per spawning and eggs per copulation, total produced eggs and hatching rate were recorded. results: the number of copulations, eggs per copulation and total produced eggs did not differ between the two treatments. fluoxetine treatment significantly decreased the nest size, time spent for nest building and spawning duration. also hatching rate was significantly lower during fluoxetine treatment than in the control condition. notably, five fluoxetine treated males cannibalized their eggs and larvae. conclusion: we showed that environmental exposure of fighting fish to fluoxetine potentially alters specific aspects of nest building and sexual behavior and, as a consequence, reproductive output.